MGT438 : Midterm Revision Exam

[CH1] Strong sustainability states that natural resources should only be used at the rate they are naturally produced or replenished.

[CH1] Weak sustainability argues that natural resources and man-made capital are not interchangeable.

[CH1] In the Triple Bottom Line, the social pillar refers to respecting the socio-cultural authenticity of host communities and contributing to their well-being.

[CH1] According to the notes, countries facing economic sanctions may become attractive to low-income tourists because the value of their currency declines.

[CH2] Conceptual definitions of tourism specify the criteria used to classify travellers as tourists and enable measurement and comparisons.

[CH2] Under the 1963 UN recommendation, visitors staying less than 24 hours were described as excursionists, while those staying 24 hours or more were tourists.

[CH2] In Leiper's tourism system, the destination region is the usual place of residence of tourists and the source of demand for tourism.

[CH2] Under the 2010 UN recommendation, hospitals and language schools are examples of tourism-characteristic supply.

[CH6] Travel intermediaries do not produce individual elements of the travel experience and do not own capacity; they sell units of capacity on behalf of suppliers.

[CH6] Under commissionable rates, the tourist's contract is with the intermediary, who is responsible for the fulfilment of the contract.

[CH6] Under an allocation contract, any capacity left unsold by the release date is returned to the supplier to sell through other channels.

[CH6] Vertical integration is the acquisition or merger of one company with another company at the same stage of the same industry, such as two travel agencies.

[CH7] Indirect economic impacts of tourism are generated through purchases made by businesses that cater for tourists.

[CH7] In the formula GRP = C + I + G + E - M, the M component represents exports that bring foreign exchange into the region.

[CH7] One disadvantage of the Tourism Satellite Account method is that it cannot be completed by only one agency, because cooperation between stakeholders is needed.

[CH1] Which core management function involves monitoring progress and making adjustments to ensure goals are met?

[CH1] A hotel in Manama equips its rooms so that lighting, air-conditioning and curtains are linked electronically and controlled from the guest's phone. Which use of ICT does this represent?

[CH1] At a historic fort, visitors point their phones at the ruins and see on screen how the site looked centuries ago. Which technology is being used?

[CH1] Which feature of blockchain makes it highly secure, according to the notes?

[CH1] A tour operator notices that summer visitor numbers to a destination are falling because of heat extremes, water shortages and forest fires, while bookings in milder seasons are increasing. Which region of climate-change impact does this describe?

[CH1] Which of the following is NOT one of the three major forces shaping tourism today, as identified in the notes?

[CH2] A Saudi family drives across the King Fahd Causeway to Bahrain, spends the day shopping and returns home the same evening. Under the 1963 UN recommendation, how is this family classified?

[CH2] In Mathieson and Wall's conceptual framework, which element covers the economic, environmental and social impacts that result from the interaction of the other elements?

[CH2] From Bahrain's perspective, a Bahraini resident who takes a holiday in Georgia is an example of which form of tourism?

[CH2] A small island destination has an economy dominated by tourism, with very few other economic sectors. Based on the geographical setting of the destination, this is best described as:

[CH2] A visitor spends the day at a theme park offering manufactured thrills in a simulated, sanitized and controlled environment. Which concept from the notes describes this experience?

[CH2] Which statement best describes 'regenerative tourism' as presented in the notes for the 2020s?

[CH2] An employee from a Bahraini bank flies to Dubai for two days to attend an industry conference paid for by the bank. Under the UN's classification, the main purpose of this trip is:

[CH6] A company buys large blocks of rooms from many hotels and sells them on, unchanged, to travel agencies and other intermediaries. This company is acting as a:

[CH6] A UK outbound operator hires a Bahraini company to arrange airport transfers, hotels and desert activities for its clients in Bahrain. The Bahraini company is best described as a:

[CH6] A hotel gives a tour operator discounted rooms; the operator adds its own mark-up and resells the rooms on their own, and is responsible for fulfilling the contract with customers. Which type of rate is this?

[CH6] An airline gives an operator net fares on condition that the seats are bundled with accommodation, sold at one single price, and never below the airline's published fare. Which rate is this?

[CH6] A tour operator agrees to pay a hotel for 50 rooms every night of the season whether it sells them or not, and in return obtains a very low rate. Which type of capacity contract is this?

[CH6] Three weeks before a holiday weekend, a hotel still has many empty rooms and uses an intermediary to sell rooms that would otherwise remain unsold. Which benefit of intermediaries for suppliers does this illustrate?

[CH6] A website collects prices from many suppliers' and intermediaries' sites, displays the cheapest option for a requested hotel room, and earns a fee when the user clicks through to book. This website is a:

[CH7] A resort buys all its fish from local fishermen, which raises the fishermen's incomes. This effect on the local economy is classified as a(n):

[CH7] A foreign-owned resort imports most of its food and furniture and sends its profits abroad. In the formula GRP = C + I + G + E - M, these effects belong to which component?

[CH7] Which of the following is a DISADVANTAGE of the Tourism Satellite Account method?

[CH7] A country's residents spend far more on holidays abroad than inbound tourists spend in that country. According to the notes, this country has:

[CH7] A tourist's spending on flights, luggage and visa fees before departure, plus spending at the destination, are counted together. This total is known as:

[CH1] Define sustainability, explain the three pillars of the Triple Bottom Line, and compare weak and strong sustainability.

[CH1] List and explain five ways in which tourism organizations use Information and Communication Technology (ICT).

[CH2] Explain Leiper's tourism system by describing its four components, and explain why Leiper describes tourism as a sector rather than an industry.

[CH2] Compare conceptual and technical definitions of tourism, and explain four reasons why a standardized, internationally accepted technical definition is important.

[CH6] Compare the roles of the three types of travel intermediary: wholesalers, operators and agencies.

[CH6] Distinguish between horizontal and vertical integration in the travel intermediary sector, and explain the advantages of each.

[CH7] Explain the three types of economic impact of tourism, and list and briefly discuss the disadvantages of tourism for a destination's economy.

[CH7] Define Tourism Satellite Accounts (TSA), outline what a TSA details, and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of this method.

[CH6] Identify the type of capacity contract Dilmun Horizons has with the Tbilisi hotel. Explain how it works and what risk it does or does not place on the agency.

[CH6] What is the name of the process Fatima plans to use for personalised trips? Explain how it works and why her lawyer's warning is relevant.

[CH2] Classify the Georgia holidays from Bahrain's perspective, and apply Leiper's tourism system to the trips by identifying the generating region, transit route and destination region.

[CH7] Identify three economic disadvantages of tourism evident on Pearl Island, and recommend how the island could optimise the economic benefits of tourism.

[CH7] Recommend the most suitable method for the minister to measure tourism's economic contribution. Justify your choice and mention its limitations.

[CH1] Explain how climate change is affecting tourism on Pearl Island, linking the island's problems to the cause of climate change and to the regional impacts described in the notes.