MKT461 : Midterm Revision Exam

[CH1] Disposition is the process by which a consumer discards an offering.

[CH1] A reference group is defined as the typical or expected behaviors, norms, and ideas that characterize a group of people.

[CH2] An approach-avoidance conflict is an inner struggle about which offering to acquire when each offering can satisfy an important but different need.

[CH2] Goals are more specific and concrete than needs.

[CH2] Prevention-focused consumers are motivated to act in ways that achieve positive outcomes.

[CH3] Zipping refers to avoiding ads by switching to other channels during commercials.

[CH3] According to Weber's law, the stronger the initial stimulus, the greater the additional intensity needed for a second stimulus to be perceived as different.

[CH3] Echoic memory is the sensory memory of things we see.

[CH3] Subjective comprehension is what the consumer understands from a message, regardless of whether this understanding is accurate.

[CH4] A script is a special type of schema that represents knowledge of the sequence of actions involved in performing an activity.

[CH4] Interference is the weakening of memory strength over time.

[CH4] Compared with novices, expert consumers have more graded and refined taxonomic category structures.

[CH5] The sleeper effect means that consumers forget the message more quickly than they forget its source.

[CH5] For a fear appeal to be effective, the level of fear should generally be moderate.

[CH5] Peripheral-route processing is the attitude formation and change process that occurs when consumer effort is high.

[CH1] Fatima sells her used smartphone on an online marketplace, and a university student buys it. This example best illustrates which aspect of consumer behavior?

[CH1] Which of the following is NOT one of the ways of acquiring an offering listed in the course?

[CH1] Which of the following belongs to the psychological core rather than to the process of making decisions?

[CH2] Which of the following best describes motivation as defined in the course?

[CH2] Ahmed has loved cars for over fifteen years. He reads car magazines every week and attends car shows even when he has no plan to buy a car. Ahmed shows which type of involvement?

[CH2] Maryam never cared about washing machines. When hers broke down, she spent a week comparing models and reviews, but once she bought one, her interest disappeared. Which type of involvement did she experience?

[CH2] Khalid buys an expensive designer watch mainly because it signals his success and earns him respect from his colleagues. Which type of need is mainly driving this purchase?

[CH2] Hassan received a bonus. He wants to spend it on a gym membership to improve his health, but he also wants a relaxing holiday trip, and he can only afford one. Hassan faces which type of conflict?

[CH2] Perceived risk tends to be higher in all of the following situations EXCEPT when:

[CH2] Which of the following is NOT one of the consumer ability resources listed in the course?

[CH3] Noor installed an application on her phone and laptop that prevents ads from appearing while she browses. Which selective exposure behavior is she showing?

[CH3] A supermarket has displayed the same large poster at its entrance for a year. Regular shoppers no longer notice it at all. This is best explained by which concept?

[CH3] A chocolate company reduces its bar from 100g to 95g while keeping the same price and packaging, expecting that customers will not notice. Which concept is the company relying on?

[CH3] After seeing an ad for a 'fat-free' snack, many consumers wrongly conclude that the snack contains no calories. This is an example of:

[CH3] Which term describes the process of determining what a perceived stimulus actually is, that is, what category it belongs to?

[CH4] When Ali sees a red can, he immediately thinks of Coca-Cola, which then brings to mind family gatherings and holidays. This chain of associations is an example of:

[CH4] When students in Bahrain are asked to name a fast-food restaurant, most of them name McDonald's first. In this case, McDonald's is acting as:

[CH4] A hypermarket groups sunscreen, sunglasses, beach towels, and cold drinks together in one 'Beach Day' section. The store is using which category structure?

[CH4] A well-known juice brand launches a new line of snack bars under the same brand name, hoping its healthy image will carry over. This strategy is called:

[CH4] A brand creates a catchy jingle that consumers often find themselves singing. Which memory-enhancement technique is the brand mainly using?

[CH5] Which characteristic of attitudes refers to how difficult it is to change an attitude?

[CH5] While watching a car ad, Yousif thinks: 'This celebrity is only saying this because she is paid; she knows nothing about cars.' Which type of cognitive response is this?

[CH5] Sara has a positive feeling about joining a gym, but her family thinks it is a waste of money, so she decides not to join. According to TORA, her family's view represents:

[CH5] A small hotel advertises: 'Our rooms are not the largest, but we are just two minutes from the beach.' This hotel is using a:

[CH5] A sports drink company chooses a famous athlete rather than a famous comedian as its spokesperson because the athlete fits the product better. This decision reflects the:

[CH1] Define consumer behavior. Then explain the three processes of acquisition, usage, and disposition, and list the three ways a consumer can dispose of an offering.

[CH2] List and discuss the key drivers that determine a consumer's motivation, as presented in the course.

[CH2] Define perceived risk. List the six types of perceived risk and explain the marketing implications when risk is low and when it is high.

[CH3] Explain the four characteristics of attention, and discuss how marketers can attract consumers' attention.

[CH3] Compare the absolute threshold and the differential threshold (just noticeable difference), explain Weber's law, and give an example of when marketers want and do not want consumers to notice a difference.

[CH4] List and explain the techniques marketers can use to enhance consumers' memory, and identify the three elements that contribute to retrieval failure.

[CH5] Define attitude, explain its three functions, and describe the five main characteristics used to describe attitudes.

[CH5] Explain the components of the theory of reasoned action (TORA) and list the major strategies marketers can use to change attitudes, intentions, and behavior.

[CH2] Identify the situations in the case that make perceived risk high for Nasma's customers, and explain how the free home trial addresses this risk.

[CH3] Which selective exposure behavior caused the first campaign to fail? Explain how the second campaign tries to improve consumers' exposure.

[CH5] Identify the type of message Nasma uses in its new ad and the source characteristic it relies on by hiring the doctor. Explain how each can influence consumers' attitudes.

[CH1] Using the marketing applications of consumer behavior, explain which types of business decisions Dar Al Halwa made based on its understanding of consumers.

[CH4] Identify the branding strategy used for the coffee line. Explain how associations transfer in this strategy and use the customer complaints to explain its possible risk.

[CH4] Explain how Dar Al Halwa's social media campaign and its packaging use memory concepts to strengthen the brand in consumers' minds.